Mother Goddess Kali: The Primordial Energy of Creation, Destruction and Transformation By Prabuddha Ghosh Goddess Kali occupies a profound and distinctive place in India's spiritual, cultural and artistic imagination. Revered as Kali Ma, the Divine Mother, she embodies the primordial energy of existence, the power of time, the dissolution of ignorance and the continuous cycle of creation, destruction and renewal. Although her fierce appearance is often associated with death and destruction, her deeper identity reflects unconditional maternal love, protection, liberation and spiritual awakening. The name Kali originates from the Sanskrit word Kāla , associated with time and death. Philosophically, she represents the infinite cosmic void from which existence emerges and into which everything eventually dissolves. Her darkness is not a symbol of negativity but of the boundless, formless universe that holds all possibilities. She signifies both the beginning and the end, the source o...
Ritwik Ghatak: Between the Burden of Living and the Burden of Ideology Birthday Tribute to a Filmmaker Who Could Never Separate Cinema from Life by Prabuddha Ghosh. There are filmmakers who observe life, and then there are those who carry its wounds within themselves. Ritwik Ghatak belonged to the latter. His cinema was never merely an artistic exercise; it was an intensely personal engagement with a society struggling to survive its own historical contradictions. Born into an age he himself described as one of “troubled times,” Ghatak witnessed the Second World War, the Bengal Famine of 1943, Partition in 1947 and the devastating communal violence that followed. These were not distant historical events for him. They became permanent fractures in his consciousness. For Ghatak, the tragedy of Partition was not simply the division of geographical territory. It was the disintegration of belonging, memory, language and cultural continuity. Having his ancestral home in East Bengal, he...